历年专八英语真题阅读训练（通用5篇）

历年专八英语真题阅读训练（通用5篇）

在日常学习和工作中，我们都不可避免地会接触到考试真题，借助考试真题可以为主办方提供考生某方面的知识或技能状况的信息。那么你知道什么样的考试真题才能有效帮助到我们吗？下面是小编为大家整理的历年专八英语真题阅读训练，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

历年专八英语真题阅读训练 1

B、

Computers monitor everything in Singapore from soil composition to location of manholes. At the airport, it took just 15 seconds for the computerized immigration system to scan and approve my passport. It takes only one minute to be checked into a public hospital.

By 1998, almost every household will be wired for interactive cable TV and the Internet, the global computer network. Shoppers will be able to view and pay for products electronically. A 24-hour community telecomputing network will allow users to communicate with elected representatives and retrieve information about government services. It is all part of the government’s plan to transform the nation into what it calls the “Intelligent Island”.

In so many ways, Singapore has elevated the concept of efficiency to a kind of national ideology. For the past ten years, Singapore’s work force was rated the best in the world-ahead of Japan and the U.S.-in terms of productivity, skill and attitude by the Business Environment Risk Intelligence service.

Behind the “Singapore miracle” is a man Richard Nixon described as one of “the ablest leaders I have met,” one who, “in other times and other places, might have attained the world stature of a Churchill.” Lee Kuan Yew led Singapore’s struggle for independence in the 1950s, serving as Prime Minister from 1959 until 1990. Today (1995), at 71, he has nominally retired to the office of Senior Minister, where he continues to influence his country’s future. Lee offered companies tax breaks, political stability, cheap labor and strike-free environment.

Nearly 90 percent of Singaporean adults now own their own homes and thanks to strict adherence to the principle of merit, personal opportunities abound. “If you’ve got talent and work hard, you can be anything here,” says a Malaysian-born woman who holds a high-level civil-service position.

Lee likes to boast that Singapore has avoided the “moral breakdown” of Western countries. He attributes his nation’s success to strong family ties, a reliance on education as the engine of advancement and social philosophy that he claims is superior to America’s.

In an interview with Reader’s Digest, he said that the United States has “lost its bearings” by emphasizing individual rights at the expense of society. “An ethical society,” he said, “is one which matches human rights with responsibilities.”

1.What characterizes Singapore’s advancement is its___.

A.computer monitoring.

B.work efficiency.

C.high productivity.

D.value on ethics.

2.From Nixon’s perspective, Lee is___.

A.almost as great as Churchill.

B.not as great as Churchill.

C.only second to Churchill in being a leader.

D.just as great as Churchill.

3.In the last paragraph, “lost its bearings” may mean___.

A.become impatient.

B.failed to find the right position.

C.lost its foundation.

D.grown band-mannered.

4.“You can be anything here”(Paragraph 5) may be paraphrased as___.

A.You can hope for a very bright prospect.

B.You may be able to do anything needed.

C.You can choose any job as you like.

D.You will become an outstanding worker.

5.In Singapore, the concept of efficiency___.

A.has been emphasized throughout the country.

B.has become an essential quality for citizens to aim at.

C.is brought forward by the government in order to compete with America.

D.is known as the basis for building the “Intelligent Island.”

历年专八英语真题阅读训练 2

词汇：

1. Apostolic 罗马教皇的，使徒的

2. in succession to 继承，接班

3. Martin Luther 马丁?路德 1483——1546德国宗教改革家

4. teachings 教义

5. renounce 抛弃，摈弃，否认

6. papacy 罗马教皇职位/制度，这里指罗马教皇

7. cling to 坚持

8. damnation 诅咒，永远的处罚

9. bloodsucker 吸血鬼

10. depot 仓库，补给站

11. gorgeous 华丽的，灿烂的，辉煌的

12. spice 香料

13. enterprise 事业，业绩，功勋

难句译注：

例1. Thus Europe was divided in every which way, the southern and eastern two-thirds still Catholic, the northern and western one-third what was coming to be called Protestant, though English-ruled Ireland solidly Catholic and the Spanish-ruled Netherlands, particularly the northern part approximating to modern Holland, grew increasingly Protestant; while in virtually every country, whether officially Catholic or Protestant, those of the contrary faith fiercely attempted to convert their neighbors and equally fiercely resisted their neighbor’s attempts to convert them.

[结构简析] every which way. 四面八方，散乱。这里指四分五裂。EX : Railroads cross the country in every which way. 铁路四通八达，纵横全国。

[参考译文] 就这样欧洲四分五裂：东南部2/3仍然是天主教，西北部1/3是后来被称为的基督教，虽然英国统治的爱尔兰是稳固的天主教，而西班牙统治的荷兰，特别是靠近现代荷兰的北部地区越来越变成基督教。事实上，在每个国家，不论官方声称是天主教还是基督教，相反信仰的人都拼命想把他的`邻居变过来，也同样强烈的抵制他们的邻居企图把他们变过去。

例2. Each party believed that it had hold of the truth, the only truth that mattered, the one that led to eternal salvation, and its adversaries clung to falsehood which must necessarily head to eternal damnation: not only for themselves but for all who should permit them to survive and infect others with their errors.

[结构简析] believed 有两个宾语从句，用and连接。第一个宾语从句that it had hold of the truth中，the only… the one…都说明truth,是它的同位语。And 后的宾语从句省略了连词that，句中有定语从句which must 修饰falsehood，后面的who定从修饰all.

[参考译文] 每一派都认为他掌握了真理，唯一的至关重要的这里，通向永恒获救解脱，而它的对手（敌人）死抓住错误不放，这必然导致永恒的诅咒；不仅诅咒他们自己，还诅咒那些让他们生存下去，让他们错误感染别人的人。

例3. Just as Elizabeth was to ardent Catholics that Jezebel, so to earnest Protestants the Pope was “that wolfish bloodsucker,” and their Catholic fellow-creatures mad dogs, toads and other such vermin to be cleansed off the face of the earth.

[结构简析] 注意just as…so …句型，so 后是部分倒装。To cleanse off消减，清除出。Jezebel耶西别古代以色列国王亚哈的妻子，残忍。后指无耻放荡的女人，胭脂虎。这里指英国女王伊丽莎白。

[参考译文] 就像伊丽莎白女王对狂热的天主教徒来讲那是个耶西别；对基督教徒来说罗马教皇是那个残忍的吸血鬼。天主教徒是疯狗，蛤蟆，其他种种恶魔，应从地球表面上清除出去。

历年专八英语真题阅读训练 3

Personality is to a large extent inherent -- A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the ‘win at all costs’ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”

By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B’s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged.

习题

1. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________.

[A] impatient

[B] considerate

[C] aggressive

[D] agreeable

2. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________.

[A] the pressure is too great on the students

[B] some students are bound to fail

[C] failure rates are too high

[D] the results of exanimations are doubtful

3. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________.

[A] candidates’ sensitivity

[B] academic achievements

[C] competitive spirit

[D] surer values

4. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________.

[A] the personality of a child is well established at birth

[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one’s characteristics

[C] the development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors

[D] B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society

全文翻译

人的个性很大程度上取决于遗传—A型父母通常生养出A型子女。但是环境也应该有深远的影响，因为如果竞争对父母来说很重要，那它也可能成为孩子生活中的一个重要因素。

学校是培养A型孩子的场所，从本质来讲，学校是一个高度竞争性的机构。太多的学校遵从“不惜一切代价求胜”的道德标准并以运动成绩来衡量其成功。目前热衷于让孩子与同学竞争或与时间赛跑造成了一种双重体制。在这种体制中，竞争性的A型学生在某些方面似乎比B型的学生要好。对胜利过于执着也会带来危险的后果。请记住，第一位马拉松运动员菲底庇德斯在说完“欢庆吧，我们征服了!”之后几秒钟便倒地丧生。

学校最糟糕的竞争方式是对考试的过分重视。能允许学生专注于所擅长之事的学校实为罕见。通过考试竞争这种做法的.好处本身有点值得怀疑，但在明确知晓有人会在考试中失败的前提下仍进行竞争是肯定有害的。

显然，让所有A型儿童都转变为B型既不现实也并不必要。世界需要不同的类型，学校的重要职责就是要努力使儿童的个性适合于他将来的职业。这是最高水平的教育经营。

如果学校少强调一下学业，也许就有更多的时间向孩子传授更重要的价值观念。也许对照料性职业的人员选择，尤其是医务工作，可以少参照他们的化学成绩，而要更多地考虑他们的敏感性和同情心。完全从A型人中挑选医生肯定是错误的。B型人也很重要，应该受到鼓励。

重点句

Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.

该句意义：

该句直接抨击了学习以成就去估量一个人是否成功(measure the success by sporting achievements)、以成败论英雄的社会必然造就很多“不惜一切代价获取成功”(win at all costs)的人的这一事实，可以引申该内容与社会竞争中的不择手段和毫无道德相联系。在考研写作中，我们可以完全参照写出相应的句子。比如：Too many people adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.

历年专八英语真题阅读训练 4

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.

Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.

Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.

One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.

1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to

[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.

[B] Identify a problem.

[C] Bring together disparate facts.

[D] Stipulate clear goals.

2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?

[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.

[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.

[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.

[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.

3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?

[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.

[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.

[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.

[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.

4. The text provides support for which of the following statements?

[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.

[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.

[C] Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.

[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.

5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?

[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.

[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.

[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.

[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.

答案与考点解析

1. 「答案」D

「考点解析」这是一道归纳推导题。本题题干中的senior managers暗示本题的答案信息在第三段,因为第三段首句包含题干中的senior managers。通过仔细阅读和理解本段中所谈到的五点,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是选项D.本题选项A、B、C所涉及的内容分别在本段的第五点、第一点和第三点提到。考生在解题时一定要学会认真归纳和总结原文所表达的每一层含义。

2. 「答案」D

「考点解析」这是一道句间关系题。题干已将本题的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是本题答案信息的最主要来源,通过阅读和理解此句,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是D.考生在解题时一定要适当理解上下句之间的关系。

3. 「答案」C

「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题。题干中的who uses intuition to reach decisions暗示本题的答案信息在第四段,因为第四段首句含有和题干中who uses intuition to reach decisions大致相同的the intuitive style of executive management。通过仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,我们可发现第四段的第一句话都在强调act(行动),可见本题的正确选项应该是强调行动的选项C.本题的.答案信息来源是第四段的第二句话。考生在解题时一定要首先准确地审题定位,然后要善于归纳和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。

4. 「答案」D

「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题。题干中并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生往往迷失解题思路。在考生迷失解题思路时一定要牢记全文中心主旨,并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能够抓住第一段的尾句,并结合第三段的第四、五句,就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D.考生在解题时,尤其是在迷失解题思路时,一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句,同时还要抓一些明确表示启承转合关系的句子结构。

5. 「答案」B

「考点解析」本题是一道段落结构题。第一句话中的do not和第二句句首的rather是破解本题的关键。抓住这两个关键就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B.考生在解题时一定要注意表示否定的词语以及表示启承转合的词语,更要注意句子之间的相互关系。

[参考译文] 大部分成功的高层管理人员并不拘泥于传统的推理模式,即：首先确定目标,然后估定问题,摆出各种可能性,估计成功率,再做决定,最后才付诸行动去实施。相反,在这些人的日常决策过程中,他们靠一种定义模糊的直觉应付大量相关问题,这些问题使他们必须在一堆含糊不清,自相矛盾,奇特无比或者令人惊异的事物中做抉择,而且在考虑过程中就要有相应的行动。

管理学作品的写作者早就注意到了实践当中一些管理者对直觉依赖很强。不过总的来说,这些写作者未曾表达出什么叫做直觉。有些人将其视作理性的对立面,还有人认为它是反复无常的(做法、性格)的一个借口。

Isenberg最近对高层管理人员认知过程的研究揭示了管理者的直觉并不是上述的任何一种情况。高层管理者是在五个不同的方面使用直觉。首先,他们直觉地感到有问题存在。第二,依靠直觉,管理者们能很快表现出有教养的行为方式。这种直觉并不是任意,非理性的,而是在多年实践磨练,和亲身体验培养出的技能的基础上形成。第三,直觉把一些零散的数据和实际情况组合为一个完整画面,这经常表现为一声Aha式的体验。第四,有些管理者也应用直觉来检验更理性化分析的结果。大部分高层管理人员熟知传统的决策分析模式和工具,那些使用这些正式的系统化方法做出决定的人经常会对一种情况保持警惕,那就是有时此方法得出的结论和他们对正确行为的感觉不符。最后,管理者可通过直觉绕开深奥的分析而快速产生一个可能的解决办法。这么使用时,直觉几乎是一个瞬间的思维过程,这一模式为管理者所熟悉。

这些管理者用直觉方式的一个特点是思考和行动不能分开。由于(在这种方式中)管理者在分析和解释问题之前就已经明白应该怎么去做,他们经常是先行动,后解释。在思考?D行动的循环中,分析是必不可少的。在这其中管理者们不是靠分析他们面对的形势来思考其公司、组织的情况,而是行动和分析在高度一致地进行。

由于管理者们经常面对许多不确定的情况,他们鼓励采取各种行动来对问题作一番深入了解。他们藉此对问题做出更深的体会。这种思考行为循环的一个特点即：行动是确定问题的一部分,而不只是解决问题的步骤。

历年专八英语真题阅读训练 5

“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”

This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.

With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.

The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”

The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.

“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”

习题

1.The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.

[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade

[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright

[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years

[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered

2. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.

[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients

[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living

[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers

[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients

3. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.

[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person

[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated

[C] that can be driven out of normal cells

[D] which normal cells can’t turn off

4. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means ________.

[A] dead

[B] ever-present

[C] inactive

[D] potential

全文翻译

“我有极大的信心相信到这个十年期结束时我们将会详尽地知晓癌细胞的生成原因，”一位癌症专家和微生物学家罗伯特温伯格说道。“但是，”他告诫说，“有些人认为一旦人们弄清了病因，治疗方法很快就会跟上。例如法国细菌学家巴斯德，他发现了许多传染病的成因，但治疗方法却在五六十年后才问世。”

今年，91万癌症患者中有一半将至少再活5年。国家癌症研究所估计，到2000年存活率将升至75%。现在对于一些皮肤癌来说，5年期的存活率高达90%，但其他类型癌症的存活数据却仍令人沮丧——肺癌13%，胰腺癌2%。

癌症种类现有多达120多种，发现其规律实属不易。研究者在70年代取得了很大的.进展。当时他们发现致癌基因，即那些可以引起癌症的基因，在正常细胞中是不活动的。从宇宙射线到辐射到日常饮食，任何东西都有可能激活处于沉寂状态中的致癌基因，但是如何激活不为人所知。如果若干致癌基因被激活，而细胞无力排除，它们就演变成了癌细胞。

导致癌变的确切机制仍然是个谜，但是许多癌症始于基因这一可能性表明我们将永远不能预防所有癌症。“变化是进化过程中的一个正常部分，”肿瘤专家威廉海沃德说道。环境因素永远无法完全消除，正如海沃德所指出的那样：“我们无法准备出一种抗宇宙射线的药。”

治癌前景虽然遥远，但却越来越明朗了。

“首先，我们需要了解正常细胞如何控制其本身。其次，我们必须查明细胞中是否有一定数量的基因总是造成至少部分麻烦的原因。如果我们能弄清癌症的原理，我们就能采取相应的措施。”

重点句

The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.

该句意义：

该句虽然简短，但是其将转折语气以插入语的结构进行了表达。在考研写作中，我们可以完全参照写出相应的句子。比如：The prospect for eliminating pollution, though still distant, is brighter. 消除污染的前景尽管遥远，但是已经更加明朗了。