2025托福阅读高频词汇及长难句解析
本试题库聚焦2025年托福阅读考试中出现频率较高的词汇与复杂句式,帮助考生系统掌握核心语言点,提升阅读理解与应试能力。
一、选择题(共20题)
1. 下列哪个词最接近“fluctuate”的含义?
A. increase
B. decrease
C. change irregularly
D. remain stable
正确答案:C
解析:
“Fluctuate”意为“波动”,通常指数据或情况的不规则变化。选项C最贴近其含义。
2. “The discovery of the new species has revolutionized our understanding of marine ecosystems.” 句中的“revolutionized”可以替换为:
A. changed slightly
B. completely transformed
C. remained unchanged
D. reduced greatly
正确答案:B
解析:
“Revolutionized”表示“彻底改变”,强调重大转变。选项B是最佳替换。
3. Which word is closest in meaning to “elaborate”?
A. simple
B. detailed
C. brief
D. vague
正确答案:B
解析:
“Elaborate”意为“详尽的、复杂的”。选项B准确表达了该词的核心意义。
4. In the sentence “Scientists have long debated whether climate change is natural or human-induced,” the underlined phrase means:
A. caused by humans
B. influenced by nature
C. studied for a short time
D. agreed upon unanimously
正确答案:A
解析:
“Human-induced”意为“由人类引起的”,用于描述人为因素导致的现象。
5. The term “paradigm shift” refers to:
A. a small adjustment
B. a major change in thinking or approach
C. an unchanged system
D. a temporary solution
正确答案:B
解析:
“Paradigm shift”指思维方式或理论体系的重大转变,常用于科学和学术领域。
6. Choose the correct meaning of “sustain.”
A. to damage
B. to support over time
C. to ignore
D. to reduce
正确答案:B
解析:
“Sustain”意为“维持、支持”,尤其指长期的支持。
7. The sentence “Despite the evidence, many people still deny the existence of global warming” contains a ______ structure.
A. cause-effect
B. contrast
C. comparison
D. definition
正确答案:B
解析:
“Despite”引导的是转折关系,因此句子结构属于对比结构。
8. Which of the following words is an antonym of “proliferation”?
A. spread
B. growth
C. decline
D. expansion
正确答案:C
解析:
“Proliferation”意为“迅速增长”,其反义词为“decline”。
9. The phrase “in contrast to” indicates:
A. similarity
B. opposition
C. addition
D. conclusion
正确答案:B
解析:
“In contrast to”用于引出对比关系,表达相反的情况。
10. The word “prevalent” most likely means:
A. rare
B. common
C. unique
D. unusual
正确答案:B
解析:
“Prevalent”意为“普遍的、流行的”,与“common”同义。
11. Which of the following is NOT a synonym of “consequence”?
A. result
B. effect
C. cause
D. outcome
正确答案:C
解析:
“Consequence”指“结果”,而“cause”是“原因”,不属于其同义词。
12. The sentence “Because of its complexity, the model requires further testing” contains a ______ clause.
A. relative
B. adverbial
C. noun
D. appositive
正确答案:B
解析:
“Because of its complexity”是状语从句,修饰主句的原因。
13. Which word best completes the sentence: “The researchers were surprised by the ______ results of the experiment.”?
A. consistent
B. contradictory
C. expected
D. identical
正确答案:B
解析:
“Contradictory”意为“矛盾的”,符合上下文逻辑。
14. The phrase “on the other hand” is used to show:
A. agreement
B. contrast
C. example
D. explanation
正确答案:B
解析:
“On the other hand”用于引出对立观点,表示对比。
15. Which of the following is a complex sentence?
A. She likes coffee.
B. Although it was raining, we went out.
C. He ran quickly.
D. They are tired.
正确答案:B
解析:
复合句包含一个主句和一个从句,选项B符合这一结构。
16. The word “ambiguous” means:
A. clear
B. confusing
C. certain
D. direct
正确答案:B
解析:
“Ambiguous”意为“模棱两可的”,与“confusing”意思相近。
17. The sentence “It is believed that early humans migrated from Africa to Asia thousands of years ago” uses which type of verb form?
A. active voice
B. passive voice
C. past tense
D. future tense
正确答案:B
解析:
“It is believed that...”使用了被动语态,主语被省略。
18. The word “precipitation” is most closely related to:
A. temperature
B. rainfall
C. wind speed
D. sunlight
正确答案:B
解析:
“Precipitation”指降水,包括雨、雪等。
19. Which of the following sentences contains a gerund phrase as the subject?
A. Running every day improves health.
B. The man running is my brother.
C. She enjoys reading books.
D. I like swimming in the lake.
正确答案:A
解析:
“Running every day”是动名词短语作主语。
20. The word “skeptical” can be defined as:
A. doubtful
B. confident
C. certain
D. optimistic
正确答案:A
解析:
“Skeptical”意为“怀疑的”,与“doubtful”同义。
二、填空题(共10题)
1. The study showed a strong ______ between diet and heart disease. (correlation)
正确答案:correlation
解析:
“Correlation”意为“相关性”,用于描述变量之间的联系。
2. Scientists use models to simulate how the atmosphere will respond to increased ______. (emissions)
正确答案:emissions
解析:
“Emissions”指排放物,常见于环境类文章。
3. The article discusses the ______ effects of deforestation on local wildlife. (detrimental)
正确答案:detrimental
解析:
“Detrimental”意为“有害的”,用于描述负面影响。
4. A ______ shift in public opinion led to changes in environmental policy. (paradigm)
正确答案:paradigm
解析:
“Paradigm shift”表示范式转换,多用于学术或政策领域。
5. The author argues that renewable energy is more ______ than fossil fuels. (sustainable)
正确答案:sustainable
解析:
“Sustainable”意为“可持续的”,常用于能源和环保话题。
6. The theory gained popularity after several key experiments were ______. (replicated)
正确答案:replicated
解析:
“Replicated”指实验重复进行,验证其可靠性。
7. Researchers believe that this protein plays a crucial role in the body’s ability to ______ disease. (resist)
正确答案:resist
解析:
“Resist”意为“抵抗”,适用于医学和生物学内容。
8. The process of photosynthesis allows plants to convert light into ______. (energy)
正确答案:energy
解析:
光合作用将光能转化为化学能,供植物生长。
9. The article explains how the brain processes visual information through a series of ______ steps. (sequential)
正确答案:sequential
解析:
“Sequential”意为“顺序的”,用于描述按步骤进行的过程。
10. The findings suggest that early exposure to music may enhance cognitive ______. (development)
正确答案:development
解析:
“Development”指发展,常见于教育和心理学类文章。
三、判断题(共10题)
1. The word “abundance” means scarcity. (×)
解析:
“Abundance”意为“丰富”,与其反义词“scarcity”相对。
2. The phrase “as a result” is used to introduce a cause. (×)
解析:
“As a result”引出结果,而不是原因。
3. “Subsequent” means happening before something else. (×)
解析:
“Subsequent”意为“随后发生的”,不是先发生。
4. The sentence “Although he was tired, he continued working” is a compound-complex sentence. (√)
解析:
此句包含两个独立分句和一个从句,符合复合-复杂句的定义。
5. “Inference” refers to the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence. (√)
解析:
“Inference”意为“推论”,基于已有信息得出结论。
6. “Deplete” means to fill up a resource. (×)
解析:
“Deplete”意为“耗尽”,与“fill up”相反。
7. “Hypothesis” is a proven fact in scientific research. (×)
解析:
“Hypothesis”是假设,尚未被证实。
8. “Simultaneously” means at the same time. (√)
解析:
“Simultaneously”确实表示“同时地”。
9. “Recessive” is often used in genetics to describe traits that only appear when inherited from both parents. (√)
解析:
“Recessive”在遗传学中指隐性特征。
10. “Migrate” refers to movement within the same country. (×)
解析:
“Migrate”一般指跨地区或跨国迁移。
四、简答题(共5题)
1. 解释“ecological balance”并举例说明。
参考答案:
“Ecological balance”指生态系统中各种生物和非生物因素之间的动态平衡。例如,在森林中,捕食者与猎物数量保持相对稳定,以维持生态系统的健康运行。
解析:
该术语常见于环境类文章,理解其概念有助于把握文章主旨。
2. 描述“compound-complex sentence”的结构,并给出一个例子。
参考答案:
复合-复杂句包含至少两个独立分句和一个或多个从句。例如:“Although she was tired, she finished her homework and then went to bed.”
解析:
掌握此类句型有助于分析长难句。
3. 什么是“passive voice”?请写出一个被动语态的句子。
参考答案:
被动语态是指动作的承受者作为主语的句子结构。例如:“The book was written by the author.”
解析:
被动语态在学术写作中非常常见。
4. 简述“climate change”与“global warming”之间的区别。
参考答案:
“Global warming”特指全球气温上升现象,而“climate change”则涵盖更广泛的影响,如极端天气、海平面上升等。
解析:
两者虽有关联,但在学术讨论中需区分。
5. 请解释“catalyst”在化学反应中的作用。
参考答案:
催化剂是一种能加速化学反应速率但自身不被消耗的物质。它通过降低反应活化能来促进反应。
解析:
该词常见于科技类文章,理解其作用有助于理解实验过程。
五、综合应用题(共5题)
1. 阅读下列句子并回答问题:
“Recent studies indicate that prolonged exposure to air pollution can lead to respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis.”
(1) 划线部分“prolonged exposure”是什么结构?
(2) 该句的主干结构是什么?
参考答案:
(1) “Prolonged exposure”是名词短语,作主语的一部分。
(2) 主干结构为“studies indicate that...can lead to...”
解析:
分析句子结构有助于快速理解长难句。
2. 将以下句子翻译成中文:
“The data collected during the fieldwork provided strong evidence supporting the hypothesis.”
参考答案:
野外调查期间收集的数据为假设提供了有力证据。
解析:
注意“supporting the hypothesis”是现在分词短语作定语。
3. 分析下列句子的语法结构:
“Although scientists had predicted the outcome, the experiment yielded unexpected results.”
参考答案:
这是一个复合-复杂句。“Although...outcome”是从句,“the experiment yielded...”是主句。“unexpected results”是宾语。
解析:
掌握此类结构对阅读理解至关重要。
4. 写出与“renewable resources”相关的三个词汇,并简要说明它们的含义。
参考答案:
1. Solar power – 太阳能,来自太阳的能量。
2. Wind energy – 风能,利用风力发电。
3. Hydropower – 水力发电,利用水流驱动涡轮机。
解析:
这些词汇在环保类文章中频繁出现。
5. 请写出一个含有“while”引导的对比结构的英文句子,并翻译成中文。
参考答案:
While traditional methods are effective, modern technology offers greater efficiency.
虽然传统方法有效,但现代技术效率更高。
解析:
“While”用于引出对比关系,增强句子逻辑性。
六、附加题(2题)
1. 请将下列句子改写为被动语态:
“Researchers discovered a new species in the Amazon rainforest.”
参考答案:
A new species was discovered in the Amazon rainforest.
解析:
被动语态强调动作的承受者。
2. 请写出一个包含“which”引导的非限制性定语从句的句子,并翻译成中文。
参考答案:
The theory, which was proposed by Einstein, revolutionized physics.
这个理论是由爱因斯坦提出的,它彻底改变了物理学。
解析:
非限制性定语从句补充说明先行词,不影响句子完整性。