专升本大学英语语法精讲精练
本试题库旨在帮助专升本考生系统掌握大学英语语法核心知识点，通过多样题型和详尽解析提升语言运用能力。
一、选择题（共20题）
1. He ______ to school every day, but he walked yesterday because of the rain.
A. goes
B. go
C. going
D. went
正确答案：A
解析：一般现在时用于表达习惯性动作，“goes”是第三人称单数形式；后半句使用“walked”表示过去式。
2. If I ______ enough money, I would buy a new car.
A. have
B. had
C. has
D. having
正确答案：B
解析：虚拟语气中，“if + 主语 + 过去式”表示与现在事实相反的假设。
3. She is the woman ______ helped me during the fire.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. which
正确答案：A
解析：定语从句中，“who”指代主语，引导宾语从句。
4. We have lived here since we ______.
A. move in
B. moved in
C. moving in
D. moves in
正确答案：B
解析：since 后接过去式，表示动作开始的时间。
5. Not only did he finish his homework, but he also ______ a poem.
A. wrote
B. write
C. writing
D. writes
正确答案：A
解析：not only...but also...结构中，前后两个分句都用过去式保持时态一致。
6. The book, together with the magazines, ______ on the table.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. be
正确答案：B
解析：主谓一致中，主语是“the book”，所以动词用单数形式。
7. I wish I ______ taller so I could reach the top shelf.
A. am
B. was
C. were
D. will be
正确答案：C
解析：wish 引导的虚拟语气中，表示与现在事实相反的情况，动词用“were”。
8. They suggested that he ______ more exercise.
A. take
B. takes
C. took
D. taking
正确答案：A
解析：suggest 后接 that 从句时，从句动词用原形。
9. It is important that all students ______ the rules.
A. know
B. knows
C. knew
D. knowing
正确答案：A
解析：在“It is important that...”结构中，从句动词用原形。
10. Neither she nor her friends ______ interested in the movie.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
正确答案：B
解析：neither...nor...结构中，谓语动词与最近的主语“friends”一致，用复数。
11. The children were playing outside when it suddenly ______.
A. rained
B. rains
C. raining
D. will rain
正确答案：A
解析：when 引导时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。
12. He asked me where I ______ born.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. am
正确答案：A
解析：间接引语中，过去时态需转换为过去完成时或过去式。
13. This is the best film that I ______ seen this year.
A. have
B. had
C. has
D. having
正确答案：A
解析：现在完成时表示到目前为止的动作或状态。
14. By the time we arrived, the meeting ______.
A. had started
B. started
C. starts
D. starting
正确答案：A
解析：by the time 引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时。
15. If I were you, I ______ take that job.
A. would
B. will
C. am
D. do
正确答案：A
解析：虚拟语气中，“If I were you”表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句用“would + 动词原形”。
16. He insisted that the problem ______ discussed at once.
A. be
B. is
C. was
D. being
正确答案：A
解析：insist 后接 that 从句时，从句动词用原形。
17. The teacher, as well as the students, ______ excited about the trip.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
正确答案：A
解析：as well as 不影响主语，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
18. She wishes she ______ harder for the exam.
A. studied
B. studies
C. had studied
D. studying
正确答案：C
解析：wish 表示对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时。
19. He is the man ______ stole my wallet.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. which
正确答案：A
解析：定语从句中，“who”指代主语，作主语用。
20. I don’t like the way ______ you speak to your mother.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whom
正确答案：B
解析：the way 后接 that 或 in which 引导方式状语从句。
二、填空题（共10题）
1. She said she (was) ______ very tired after work.
正确答案：was
解析：直接引语变为间接引语时，时态要相应变化。
2. If I (had known) ______ earlier, I would have helped him.
正确答案：had known
解析：虚拟语气中，“if + 主语 + 过去完成时”表示与过去事实相反。
3. The book (is) ______ on the table.
正确答案：is
解析：主谓一致原则，主语是单数。
4. He insisted that the problem (be) ______ discussed immediately.
正确答案：be
解析：insist 后接 that 从句，从句动词用原形。
5. By the time they arrived, the train (had left) ______.
正确答案：had left
解析：by the time 引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时。
6. She wishes she (could) ______ fly like a bird.
正确答案：could
解析：虚拟语气中，“wish + could + 动词原形”表示愿望。
7. The students (are) ______ ready for the test.
正确答案：are
解析：主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
8. He behaves as if he (were) ______ the president.
正确答案：were
解析：as if 引导虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
9. I hope he (comes) ______ tomorrow.
正确答案：comes
解析：hope 后接一般现在时或将来时。
10. The boy (has been) ______ sick for three days.
正确答案：has been
解析：现在完成进行时表示动作持续到现在。
三、判断题（共10题）
1. “I have been to Beijing” means the person is still there now. （×）
解析：have been to 表示曾经去过某地，但现在已经不在那里。
2. In the sentence “He is the one who gave me the news”, “who” is the object of the verb “gave”. （√）
解析：“who”引导定语从句，作“gave”的宾语。
3. “If I were you, I would take the job” is an example of present unreal conditional. （√）
解析：该句表示与现在事实相反的假设。
4. “The books and the pens are on the desk” is correct grammar. （√）
解析：并列主语“books and pens”是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
5. “She wishes she can go to Paris” is correct grammar. （×）
解析：虚拟语气中，“wishes”后面应使用“could”。
6. “Neither he nor his sisters are coming to the party” is correct grammar. （√）
解析：neither...nor...结构中，谓语动词与最近的主语“sisters”一致。
7. “By the time we got home, it had stopped raining” is correct grammar. （√）
解析：by the time 引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时。
8. “He behaves as if he was the boss” is correct grammar. （×）
解析：虚拟语气中，“as if”后应使用“were”。
9. “Not only did she pass the exam, but also she got the highest score” is correct grammar. （√）
解析：not only...but also...结构中，前后两个分句都倒装。
10. “The number of students in our class is fifty” is correct grammar. （√）
解析：“the number of”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
四、简答题（共5题）
1. 简述一般现在时的用法。
答案：
① 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态；
② 表示客观真理或普遍事实；
③ 在条件句或时间状语从句中，主句为将来时，从句常用一般现在时。
2. 解释“if I were you”与“if I am you”的区别。
答案：
“if I were you”是虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设；“if I am you”不符合英语语法规则，不成立。
3. 说明“not only...but also...”结构的语法特点。
答案：
① 连接两个并列成分，可以是名词、形容词或句子；
② 当连接两个分句时，前一分句通常倒装。
4. 举例说明“by the time”引导的从句的用法。
答案：
例句：“By the time we arrived, the movie had already started.”
解析：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
5. 描述“the number of”与“a number of”的区别。
答案：
① “the number of”后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数；
② “a number of”后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
五、综合应用题（共5题）
1. 将下列句子改为间接引语：
He said, “I will call you later.”
答案：He said that he would call me later.
解析：将直接引语改为间接引语时，人称、时态和指示词都要相应变化。
2. 将下面句子合并成一个复合句：
He didn’t study hard. He failed the exam.
答案：Because he didn’t study hard, he failed the exam.
解析：使用原因状语从句连接两个简单句。
3. 改写句子，使其更正式：
They didn’t do their homework.
答案：They failed to complete their homework.
解析：“fail to do sth.” 是更正式的表达方式。
4. 写出五个含有虚拟语气的句子，并指出每句的类型。
答案：
① If I were rich, I would travel around the world.（现在虚拟）
② If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.（过去虚拟）
③ I wish I could fly.（现在愿望虚拟）
④ He acted as if he knew everything.（过去表现虚拟）
⑤ I suggest that he go to bed early.（建议虚拟）
5. 写一段包含以下语法点的小短文：
① 被动语态
② 定语从句
③ 虚拟语气
④ 并列结构
⑤ 现在完成时
答案：
The book, which was written by a famous author, has become very popular. If I were you, I would read it. Not only is the story interesting, but the language is also beautiful. Many people have finished reading it.
六、附加题（2题）
1. 下列哪个句子语法错误？
A. He not only speaks English but also French.
B. Neither of them is coming to the party.
C. She wishes she was taller.
D. The number of students is increasing.
正确答案：A
解析：not only...but also...结构中，后部分应补全，如“speaks English but also speaks French”。
2. 将下列句子翻译成英文：
如果他早知道这个消息，他就会采取行动了。
答案：If he had known the news, he would have taken action.
解析：这是过去虚拟语气的典型结构。